NAME Firefox::Marionette - Automate the Firefox browser with the Marionette protocol VERSION Version 0.56 SYNOPSIS use Firefox::Marionette(); use v5.10; my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); say $firefox->html(); $firefox->find_class('container-fluid')->find_id('search-input')->type('Test::More'); my $file_handle = $firefox->selfie(highlights => [ $firefox->find_name('lucky') ]); $firefox->find('//button[@name="lucky"]')->click(); $firefox->await(sub { $firefox->interactive() && $firefox->find_partial('Download') })->click(); DESCRIPTION This is a client module to automate the Mozilla Firefox browser via the Marionette protocol SUBROUTINES/METHODS new accepts an optional hash as a parameter. Allowed keys are below; * firefox_binary - use the specified path to the Firefox binary, rather than the default path. * capabilities - use the supplied capabilities object, for example to set whether the browser should accept insecure certs or whether the browser should use a proxy. * profile_name - pick a specific existing profile to automate, rather than creating a new profile. Note that firefox refuses to allow more than one instance of a profile to run at the same time. Profile names can be obtained by using the Firefox::Marionette::Profile::names() method. NOTE: firefox ignores any changes made to the profile on the disk while it is running. * profile - create a new profile based on the supplied profile. NOTE: firefox ignores any changes made to the profile on the disk while it is running. * debug - should firefox's debug to be available via STDERR. This defaults to "0". * addons - should any firefox extensions and themes be available in this session. This defaults to "0". * mime_types - any MIME types that Firefox will encounter during this session. MIME types that are not specified will result in a hung browser (the File Download popup will appear). * sleep_time_in_ms - the amount of time (in milliseconds) that this module should sleep when unsuccessfully calling the subroutine provided to the await or bye methods. This defaults to "1" millisecond. * visible - should firefox be visible on the desktop. This defaults to "0". This method returns a new Firefox::Marionette object, connected to an instance of firefox . In a non MacOS/Win32/Cygwin environment, if necessary (no DISPLAY variable can be found and visible has been set to true) and possible (Xvfb can be executed successfully), this method will also automatically start an Xvfb instance. go Navigates the current browsing context to the given URI and waits for the document to load or the session's page timeout duration to elapse before returning, which, by default is 5 minutes. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods uri returns the current URI of current top level browsing context for Desktop. It is equivalent to the javascript document.location.href title returns the current title of the window. find accepts an xpath expression as the first parameter and returns the first element that matches this expression. This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0 seconds. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find('//input[@id="search-input"]')->type('Test::More'); # OR in list context foreach my $element ($firefox->find('//input[@id="search-input"]')) { $element->type('Test::More'); } If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown. find_id accepts an id as the first parameter and returns the first element with a matching 'id' property. This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0 seconds. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_id('search-input')->type('Test::More'); # OR in list context foreach my $element ($firefox->find_id('search-input')) { $element->type('Test::More'); } If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown. find_name This method returns the first element with a matching 'name' property. This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0 seconds. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_name('q')->type('Test::More'); # OR in list context foreach my $element ($firefox->find_name('q')) { $element->type('Test::More'); } If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown. find_class accepts a class name as the first parameter and returns the first element with a matching 'class' property. This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0 seconds. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_class('form-control home-search-input')->type('Test::More'); # OR in list context foreach my $element ($firefox->find_class('form-control home-search-input')) { $element->type('Test::More'); } If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown. find_selector accepts a CSS Selector as the first parameter and returns the first element that matches that selector. This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0 seconds. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_selector('input.home-search-input')->type('Test::More'); # OR in list context foreach my $element ($firefox->find_selector('input.home-search-input')) { $element->type('Test::More'); } If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown. find_tag accepts a tag name as the first parameter and returns the first element with this tag name. This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0 seconds. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); my $element = $firefox->find_tag('input'); # OR in list context foreach my $element ($firefox->find_tag('input')) { # do something } If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown. find_link accepts a text string as the first parameter and returns the first link element that has a matching link text. This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0 seconds. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_link('API')->click(); # OR in list context foreach my $element ($firefox->find_link('API')) { $element->click(); } If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown. find_partial accepts a text string as the first parameter and returns the first link element that has a partially matching link text. This method is subject to the implicit timeout, which, by default is 0 seconds. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_partial('AP')->click(); # OR in list context foreach my $element ($firefox->find_partial('AP')) { $element->click(); } If no elements are found, a not found exception will be thrown. css accepts an element as the first parameter and a scalar CSS property name as the second parameter. It returns the value of the computed style for that property. attribute accepts an element as the first parameter and a scalar attribute name as the second parameter. It returns the initial value of the attribute with the supplied name. This method will return the initial content, the property method will return the current content. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); my $element = $firefox->find_id('search_input'); !defined $element->attribute('value') or die "attribute is not defined!"); $element->type('Test::More'); !defined $element->attribute('value') or die "attribute is still not defined!"); property accepts an element as the first parameter and a scalar attribute name as the second parameter. It returns the current value of the property with the supplied name. This method will return the current content, the attribute method will return the initial content. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); my $element = $firefox->find_id('search_input'); $element->property('value') eq '' or die "Initial property is the empty string"; $element->type('Test::More'); $element->property('value') eq 'Test::More' or die "This property should have changed!"; interactive returns true if document.readyState === "interactive" or if loaded is true use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_id('search_input')->type('Type::More'); $firefox->find('//button[@name="lucky"]')->click(); while(!$firefox->interactive()) { # redirecting to Test::More page } loaded returns true if document.readyState === "complete" use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_id('search_input')->type('Type::More'); $firefox->find('//button[@name="lucky"]')->click(); while(!$firefox->loaded()) { # redirecting to Test::More page } mime_types returns a list of MIME types that will be downloaded by firefox and made available from the downloads method use Firefox::Marionette(); use v5.10; my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new(mime_types => [ 'application/pkcs10' ]) foreach my $mime_type ($firefox->mime_types()) { say $mime_type; } downloads returns a list of file paths (including partial downloads) of downloads during this Firefox session. use Firefox::Marionette(); use v5.10; my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_class('container-fluid')->find_id('search-input')->type('Test::More'); $firefox->find('//button[@name="lucky"]')->click(); $firefox->await(sub { $firefox->interactive() && $firefox->find_partial('Download') })->click(); while(!$firefox->downloads()) { sleep 1 } foreach my $path ($firefox->downloads()) { say $path; } downloading returns true if any files in downloads end in .part use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_class('container-fluid')->find_id('search-input')->type('Test::More'); $firefox->find('//button[@name="lucky"]')->click(); $firefox->await(sub { $firefox->interactive() && $firefox->find_partial('Download') })->click(); while(!$firefox->downloads()) { sleep 1 } while($firefox->downloading()) { sleep 1 } foreach my $path ($firefox->downloads()) { say $path; } script accepts a scalar containing a javascript function that is executed in the browser, and an optional hash as a second parameter. Allowed keys are below; * args - The reference to a list is the arguments passed to the script. * scriptTime - A timeout to override the default scripts timeout. * sandbox - Name of the sandbox to evaluate the script in. The sandbox is cached for later re-use on the same window object if newSandbox is false. If he parameter is undefined, the script is evaluated in a mutable sandbox. If the parameter is "system", it will be evaluted in a sandbox with elevated system privileges, equivalent to chrome space. * newSandbox - Forces the script to be evaluated in a fresh sandbox. Note that if it is undefined, the script will normally be evaluted in a fresh sandbox. * filename - Filename of the client's program where this script is evaluated. * line - Line in the client's program where this script is evaluated. * debug_script - Attach an onerror event handler on the window object. It does not differentiate content errors from chrome errors. * directInject - Evaluate the script without wrapping it in a function. Returns the result of the javascript function. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); if ($firefox->script('return window.find("lucky");')) { # luckily! } The executing javascript is subject to the scripts timeout, which, by default is 30 seconds. async_script accepts a scalar containing a javascript function that is executed in the browser. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. The executing javascript is subject to the scripts timeout, which, by default is 30 seconds. html returns the page source of the content document. use Firefox::Marionette(); use v5.10; say Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/')->html(); context returns the context type that is Marionette's current target for browsing context scoped commands. add_cookie accepts a single cookie object as the first parameter and adds it to the current cookie jar. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. delete_cookie deletes a single cookie by name. Accepts a scalar containing the cookie name as a parameter. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. delete_cookies here be cookie monsters! This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. cookies returns the contents of the cookie jar in scalar or list context. type accepts an element as the first parameter and a string as the second parameter. It sends the string to the specified element in the current page, such as filling out a text box. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. await accepts a subroutine reference as a parameter and then executes the subroutine. If a not found exception is thrown, this method will sleep for sleep_time_in_ms milliseconds and then execute the subroutine again. When the subroutine executes successfully, it will return what the subroutine returns. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new(sleep_time_in_ms => 5)->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_id('search-input')->type('Test::More'); $firefox->find_name('lucky')->click(); $firefox->await(sub { $firefox->interactive() && $firefox->find_partial('Download') })->click(); bye accepts a subroutine reference as a parameter and then executes the subroutine. If the subroutine executes successfully, this method will sleep for sleep_time_in_ms milliseconds and then execute the subroutine again. When a not found exception is thrown, this method will return itself to aid in chaining methods. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new()->go('https://metacpan.org/'); $firefox->find_id('search-input')->type('Test::More'); $firefox->find_name('lucky')->click(); $firefox->bye(sub { $firefox->find_name('lucky') })->await(sub { $firefox->interactive() && $firefox->find_partial('Download') })->click(); sleep_time_in_ms accepts a new time to sleep in await or bye methods and returns the previous time. The default time is "1" millisecond. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new(sleep_time_in_ms => 5); # setting default time to 5 milliseconds my $old_time_in_ms = $firefox->sleep_time_in_ms(8); # setting default time to 8 milliseconds, returning 5 (milliseconds) is_displayed accepts an element as the first parameter. This method returns true or false depending on if the element is displayed. is_enabled accepts an element as the first parameter. This method returns true or false depending on if the element is enabled. is_selected accepts an element as the first parameter. This method returns true or false depending on if the element is selected. active_element returns the active element of the current browsing context's document element, if the document element is non-null. back causes the browser to traverse one step backward in the joint history of the current browsing context. The browser will wait for the one step backward to complete or the session's page timeout duration to elapse before returning, which, by default is 5 minutes. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. forward causes the browser to traverse one step forward in the joint history of the current browsing context. The browser will wait for the one step forward to complete or the session's page timeout duration to elapse before returning, which, by default is 5 minutes. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. active_frame returns the current active frame if there is one in the current browsing context. Otherwise, this method returns undef. switch_to_shadow_root accepts an element as a parameter and switches to it's shadow root switch_to_window accepts a window handle (either the result of window_handles or a window name as a parameter and switches focus to this window. switch_to_frame accepts a frame as a parameter and switches to it within the current window. switch_to_parent_frame set the current browsing context for future commands to the parent of the current browsing context close_current_chrome_window_handle closes the current chrome window (that is the entire window, not just the tabs). It returns a list of still available chrome window handles. You will need to switch_to_window to use another window. close_current_window_handle closes the current window/tab. It returns a list of still available window/tab handles. full_screen full screens the firefox window. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. minimise minimises the firefox window. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. maximise maximises the firefox window. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. refresh refreshes the current page. The browser will wait for the page to completely refresh or the session's page timeout duration to elapse before returning, which, by default is 5 minutes. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. alert_text Returns the message shown in a currently displayed modal message box dismiss_alert dismisses a currently displayed modal message box accept_dialog accepts a currently displayed modal message box send_alert_text sends keys to the input field of a currently displayed modal message box capabilities returns the capabilities of the current firefox binary. You can retrieve timeouts or a proxy with this method. screen_orientation returns the current browser orientation. This will be one of the valid primary orientation values 'portrait-primary', 'landscape-primary', 'portrait-secondary', or 'landscape-secondary'. This method is only currently available on Android (Fennec). selfie returns a File::Temp object containing a lossless PNG image screenshot. If an element is passed as a parameter, the screenshot will be restricted to the element. If an element is not passed as a parameter and the current context is 'chrome', a screenshot of the current viewport will be returned. If an element is not passed as a parameter and the current context is 'content', a screenshot of the current frame will be returned. The parameters after the element parameter are taken to be a optional hash with the following allowed keys; * hash - return a SHA256 hex encoded digest of the PNG image rather than the image itself * full - take a screenshot of the whole document unless the first element parameter has been supplied. * scroll - scroll to the element supplied * highlights - a reference to a list containing elements to draw a highlight around tag_name accepts a Firefox::Marionette::Element object as the first parameter and returns the relevant tag name. For example 'a' or 'input'. window_rect accepts an optional position and size as a parameter, sets the current browser window to that position and size and returns the previous position, size and state of the browser window. If no parameter is supplied, it returns the current position, size and state of the browser window. rect accepts a element as the first parameter and returns the current position and size of the element text accepts a element as the first parameter and returns the text that is contained by that element (if any) clear accepts a element as the first parameter and clears any user supplied input click accepts a element as the first parameter and sends a 'click' to it. The browser will wait for any page load to complete or the session's page timeout duration to elapse before returning, which, by default is 5 minutes. timeouts returns the current timeouts for page loading, searching, and scripts. new_session creates a new WebDriver session. It is expected that the caller performs the necessary checks on the requested capabilities to be WebDriver conforming. The WebDriver service offered by Marionette does not match or negotiate capabilities beyond type and bounds checks. delete_session deletes the current WebDriver session. window_type returns the current window's type. This should be 'navigator:browser'. window_handle returns the current window's handle. On desktop this typically corresponds to the currently selected tab. returns an opaque server-assigned identifier to this window that uniquely identifies it within this Marionette instance. This can be used to switch to this window at a later point. window_handles returns a list of top-level browsing contexts. On desktop this typically corresponds to the set of open tabs for browser windows, or the window itself for non-browser chrome windows. Each window handle is assigned by the server and is guaranteed unique, however the return array does not have a specified ordering. accept_connections Enables or disables accepting new socket connections. By calling this method with `false` the server will not accept any further connections, but existing connections will not be forcible closed. Use `true` to re-enable accepting connections. Please note that when closing the connection via the client you can end-up in a non-recoverable state if it hasn't been enabled before. current_chrome_window_handle see chrome_window_handle. chrome_window_handle returns an server-assigned integer identifiers for the current chrome window that uniquely identifies it within this Marionette instance. This can be used to switch to this window at a later point. This corresponds to a window that may itself contain tabs. chrome_window_handles returns identifiers for each open chrome window for tests interested in managing a set of chrome windows and tabs separately. install accepts the fully qualified path to an .xpi addon file as the first parameter and an optional true/false second parameter to indicate if the xpi addon file should be a temporary addition (just for the existance of this browser instance). Unsigned xpi addon files may be loaded temporarily. It returns the GUID for the addon which may be used as a parameter to the uninstall method. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new(); my $extension_id = $firefox->install('/full/path/to/gnu_terry_pratchett-0.4-an+fx.xpi'); uninstall accepts the GUID for the addon to uninstall. The GUID is returned when from the install method. This method returns itself to aid in chaining methods. use Firefox::Marionette(); my $firefox = Firefox::Marionette->new(); my $extension_id = $firefox->install('/full/path/to/gnu_terry_pratchett-0.4-an+fx.xpi'); # do something $firefox->uninstall($extension_id); # not recommended to uninstall this extension IRL. application_type returns the application type for the Marionette protocol. Should be 'gecko'. marionette_protocol returns the version for the Marionette protocol. Current most recent version is '3'. addons returns if pre-existing addons (extensions/themes) are allowed to run. This will be true for Firefox versions less than 55, as -safe-mode cannot be automated. xvfb returns the pid of the xvfb process if it exists. quit Marionette will stop accepting new connections before ending the current session, and finally attempting to quit the application. This method returns the $? (CHILD_ERROR) value for the Firefox process browser_version This method returns version of firefox. child_error This method returns the $? (CHILD_ERROR) for the Firefox process, or undefined if the process has not yet exited. error_message This method returns a human readable error message describing how the Firefox process exited (assuming it started okay). On Win32 platforms this information is restricted to exit code. alive This method returns true or false depending on if the Firefox process is still running. DIAGNOSTICS Failed to correctly setup the Firefox process The module was unable to retrieve a session id and capabilities from Firefox when it requests a new_session as part of the initial setup of the connection to Firefox. Failed to correctly determined the Firefox process id through the initial connection capabilities The module was found that firefox is reporting through it's Capabilities object a different process id than this module was using. This is probably a bug in this module's logic. Please report as described in the BUGS AND LIMITATIONS section below. '%s --version' did not produce output that looks like 'Mozilla Firefox \\d+[.]\\d+([.]\\d+)?':%s The Firefox binary did not produce a version number that could be recognised as a Firefox version number. Failed to create process from '%s':%s The module was to start Firefox process in a Win32 environment. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. Failed to redirect %s to %s:%s The module was unable to redirect a file handle's output. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. Failed to exec %s:%s The module was unable to run the Firefox binary. Check the path is correct and the current user has execute permissions. Failed to fork:%s The module was unable to fork itself, prior to executing a command. Check the current ulimit for max number of user processes. Failed to open directory '%s':%s The module was unable to open a directory. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. Failed to close directory '%s':%s The module was unable to close a directory. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. Failed to open '%s' for writing:%s The module was unable to create a file in your temporary directory. Maybe your disk is full? Failed to open temporary file for writing:%s The module was unable to create a file in your temporary directory. Maybe your disk is full? Failed to close '%s':%s The module was unable to close a file in your temporary directory. Maybe your disk is full? Failed to close temporary file:%s The module was unable to close a file in your temporary directory. Maybe your disk is full? Failed to create temporary directory:%s The module was unable to create a directory in your temporary directory. Maybe your disk is full? Failed to clear the close-on-exec flag on a temporary file:%s The module was unable to call fcntl using F_SETFD for a file in your temporary directory. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. Failed to seek to start of temporary file:%s The module was unable to seek to the start of a file in your temporary directory. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. Failed to create a socket:%s The module was unable to even create a socket. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. Failed to connect to %s on port %d:%s The module was unable to connect to the Marionette port. This is probably a bug in this module's logic. Please report as described in the BUGS AND LIMITATIONS section below. Firefox killed by a %s signal (%d) Firefox crashed after being hit with a signal. Firefox exited with a %d Firefox has exited with an error code Failed to bind socket:%s The module was unable to bind a socket to any port. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. Failed to close random socket:%s The module was unable to close a socket without any reads or writes being performed on it. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. moz:headless has not been determined correctly The module was unable to correctly determine whether Firefox is running in "headless" or not. This is probably a bug in this module's logic. Please report as described in the BUGS AND LIMITATIONS section below. %s method requires a Firefox::Marionette::Element parameter This function was called incorrectly by your code. Please supply a Firefox::Marionette::Element parameter when calling this function. Failed to write to temporary file:%s The module was unable to write to a file in your temporary directory. Maybe your disk is full? Failed to close socket to firefox:%s The module was unable to even close a socket. Something is seriously wrong with your environment. Failed to send request to firefox:%s The module was unable to perform a syswrite on the socket connected to firefox. Maybe firefox crashed? Failed to read size of response from socket to firefox:%s The module was unable to read from the socket connected to firefox. Maybe firefox crashed? Failed to read response from socket to firefox:%s The module was unable to read from the socket connected to firefox. Maybe firefox crashed? CONFIGURATION AND ENVIRONMENT Firefox::Marionette requires no configuration files or environment variables. It will however use the DISPLAY and XAUTHORITY environment variables to try to connect to an X Server. It will also use the HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, FTP_PROXY and ALL_PROXY environment variables as defaults if the session capabilities do not specify proxy information. DEPENDENCIES Firefox::Marionette requires the following non-core Perl modules * IPC::Run * JSON * URI INCOMPATIBILITIES None reported. BUGS AND LIMITATIONS Currently the following Marionette methods have not been implemented; * WebDriver:ReleaseAction * WebDriver:PerformActions * WebDriver:SetScreenOrientation No bugs have been reported. Please report any bugs or feature requests to bug-firefox-marionette@rt.cpan.org, or through the web interface at http://rt.cpan.org. AUTHOR David Dick ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to the entire Mozilla organisation for a great browser and to the team behind Marionette for providing an interface for automation. Thanks also to the authors of the documentation in the following sources; * Marionette Protocol * Marionette Documentation * Marionette driver.js at github * about:config * nsIPrefService interface LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 2018, David Dick . All rights reserved. This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See "perlartistic" in perlartistic. 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