NAME Data::Sah - Fast and featureful data structure validation VERSION version 0.11 SYNOPSIS Non-OO interface: use Data::Sah qw( normalize_schema gen_validator ); # generate a validator for schema my $v = gen_validator(["int*", min=>1, max=>10]); # validate your data using the generated validator say "valid" if $v->(5); # valid say "valid" if $->(11); # invalid say "valid" if $v->(undef); # invalid say "valid" if $v->("x"); # invalid # generate validator which reports error message string, in Indonesian my $v = gen_validator(["int*", min=>1, max=>10], {return_type=>'str', lang=>'id_ID'}); say $v->(5); # '' say $v->(12); # 'Data tidak boleh lebih besar dari 10' # (in English: 'Data must not be larger than 10') # normalize a schema my $nschema = normalize_schema("int*"); # => ["int", {req=>1}, {}] OO interface (more advanced usage): use Data::Sah; my $sah = Data::Sah->new; # get perl compiler my $pl = $sah->get_compiler("perl"); # compile schema into Perl code my $cd = $pl->compile(schema => $schema, ...); DESCRIPTION This module, Data::Sah, implements compilers for producing Perl and JavaScript validators, as well as translatable human description text from Sah schemas. Compiler approach is used instead of interpreter for faster speed. The generated validator code can run without this module. STATUS Early implementation, some features are not implemented yet. Below is a list of things that are not yet implemented: * human compiler * markdown output * js compiler not yet implemented. * perl compiler * def/subschema * expression * buf type * date/datetime type * obj: methods, attrs properties * .prio, .err_msg, .ok_err_msg attributes * .result_var attribute * BaseType: ok, clset, if, prefilters, postfilters, check, prop, check_prop * HasElems: each_elem, each_index, check_each_elem, check_each_index, exists * HasElems: len, elems, indices properties * hash: re_keys, each_key, each_value, check_each_key, check_each_value, allowed_keys, allowed_keys_re * array: has, uniq EXPORTS None exported by default. normalize_schema($schema) => ARRAY Normalize $schema. Can also be used as a method. gen_validator($schema, \%opts) => CODE (or STR) Generate validator code for $schema. Can also be used as a method. Known options (unknown options will be passed to Perl schema compiler): * accept_ref => BOOL (default: 0) Normally the generated validator accepts data, as in: $res = $vdr->($data); $res = $vdr->(42); If this option is set to true, validator accepts reference to data instead, as in: $res = $vdr->(\$data); This allows $data to be modified by the validator (mainly, to set default value specified in schema). For example: my $data; my $vdr = gen_validator([int => {min=>0, max=>10, default=>5}], {accept_ref=>1}); my $res = $vdr->(\$data); say $res; # => 1 (success) say $data; # => 5 * source => BOOL (default: 0) If set to 1, return source code string instead of compiled subroutine. Usually only needed for debugging (but see also $Log_Validator_Code and "LOG_SAH_VALIDATOR_CODE" if you want to log validator source code). ATTRIBUTES compilers => HASH A mapping of compiler name and compiler (Data::Sah::Compiler::*) objects. VARIABLES $Log_Validator_Code (bool, default: 0) ENVIRONMENT LOG_SAH_VALIDATOR_CODE METHODS new() => OBJ Create a new Data::Sah instance. $sah->get_compiler($name) => OBJ Get compiler object. "Data::Sah::Compiler::$name" will be loaded first and instantiated if not already so. After that, the compiler object is cached. Example: my $plc = $sah->get_compiler("perl"); # loads Data::Sah::Compiler::perl $sah->normalize_schema($schema) => HASH Normalize a schema, e.g. change "int*" into "[int => {req=>1}]", as well as do some sanity checks on it. Returns the normalized schema if succeeds, or dies on error. Can also be used as a function. $sah->normalize_var($var) => STR Normalize a variable name in expression into its fully qualified/absolute form. Not yet implemented (pending specification). For example: [int => {min => 10, 'max=' => '2*$min'}] $min in the above expression will be normalized as "schema:clauses.min". $sah->gen_validator($schema, \%opts) => CODE Use the Perl compiler to generate validator code. Can also be used as a function. See the documentation as a function for list of known options. MODULE ORGANIZATION Data::Sah::Type::* roles specify Sah types, e.g. "Data::Sah::Type::bool" specifies the bool type. It can also be used to name distributions that introduce new types, e.g. "Data-Sah-Type-complex" which introduces complex number type. Data::Sah::FuncSet::* roles specify bundles of functions, e.g. specifies the core/standard functions. Data::Sah::Compiler::$LANG:: namespace is for compilers. Each compiler might further contain <::TH::*> and <::FSH::*> subnamespaces to implement appropriate functionalities, e.g. "Data::Sah::Compiler::perl::TH::bool" is the bool type handler for the Perl compiler and "Data::Sah::Compiler::perl::FSH::Core" is the Core funcset handler for Perl compiler. Data::Sah::TypeX::$TYPENAME::$CLAUSENAME namespace can be used to name distributions that extend an existing Sah type by introducing a new clause for it. See Data::Sah::Manual::Extending for an example. Data::Sah::Lang::$LANGCODE namespaces are for modules that contain translations. They are further organized according to the organization of other Data::Sah modules, e.g. Data::Sah::Lang::en_US::Type::int or "Data::Sah::Lang::en_US::TypeX::str::is_palindrome". Data::Sah::Schema:: namespace is reserved for modules that contain bundles of schemas. For example, "Data::Sah::Schema::CPANMeta" contains the schema to validate CPAN META.yml. Data::Sah::Schema::Sah contains the schema for Sah schema itself. FAQ Relation to Data::Schema? Data::Schema is the old incarnation of this module, deprecated since 2011. There are enough incompatibilities between the two (some different syntaxes, renamed clauses). Also, some terminology have been changed, e.g. "attribute" become "clauses", "suffix" becomes "attributes". This warrants a new name. Compared to Data::Schema, Sah always compiles schemas and there is much greater flexibility in code generation (can generate data term, can generate code to validate multiple schemas, etc). There is no longer hash form, schema is either a string or an array. Some clauses have been renamed (mostly, commonly used clauses are abbreviated, Huffman encoding thingy), some removed (usually because they are replaced by a more general solution), and new ones have been added. If you use Data::Schema, I recommend you migrate to Data::Sah as I will not be developing Data::Schema anymore. Sorry, there's currently no tool to convert your Data::Schema schemas to Sah, but it should be relatively straightforward. Comparison to {JSON::Schema, Data::Rx, Data::FormValidator, ...}? See Sah::FAQ. Why is it so slow? You probably do not reuse the compiled schema, e.g. you continually destroy and recreate Data::Sah object, or repeatedly recompile the same schema. To gain the benefit of compilation, you need to keep the compiled result and use the generated Perl code repeatedly. Can I generate another schema dynamically from within the schema? For example: // if first element is an integer, require the array to contain only integers, // otherwise require the array to contain only strings. ["array", {"min_len": 1, "of=": "[is_int($_[0]) ? 'int':'str']"}] Currently no, Data::Sah does not support expression on clauses that contain other schemas. In other words, dynamically generated schemas are not supported. To support this, if the generated code needs to run independent of Data::Sah, it needs to contain the compiler code itself (or an interpreter) to compile or evaluate the generated schema. However, an "eval_schema()" Sah function which uses Data::Sah can be trivially declared and target the Perl compiler. How to display the Perl (JavaScript, ...) validator code being generated? If you compile using one of the compiler, e.g.: # generate perl code $cd = $plc->compile(schema=>..., ...); then the Perl code is in "$cd->{result}" and you can just print it. If you generate validator using "gen_validator()", you can set environment LOG_SAH_VALIDATOR_CODE or package variable $Log_Validator_Code to true and the generated code will be logged at trace level using Log::Any. The log can be displayed using, e.g., Log::Any::App: % LOG_SAH_VALIDATOR_CODE=1 TRACE=1 \ perl -MLog::Any::App -MData::Sah=gen_validator \ -e '$sub = gen_validator([int => min=>1, max=>10])' SEE ALSO Alternatives to Sah Moose has a type system. MooseX::Params::Validate, among others, can validate method parameters based on this. Some other data validation and data schema modules on CPAN: Data::FormValidator, Params::Validate, Data::Rx, Kwalify, Data::Verifier, Data::Validator, JSON::Schema, Validation::Class. AUTHOR Steven Haryanto COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 2013 by Steven Haryanto. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.